Murder (Definition)
Murder (Definition)
IPC Section 302 (Murder) transitions to BNS Section 103, which retains Death/Life imprisonment AND introduces India's first dedicated mob lynching clause under sub-section (2).
Murder
Attempt to Murder
Attempt to Murder
Murder / Mob Lynching
The legal definition of Murder and its five exceptions have moved from IPC 300 to BNS 101.
The re-numbering of religious insult laws — CRITICAL ALERT: BNS 302 is NOT murder. Murder moved to BNS 103. BNS 302 now handles verbal insults to individual religious feelings.
Culpable Homicide (Punishment)
Culpable Homicide (Punishment)
IPC Section 307 (Attempt to Murder) maps directly to BNS Section 109 with identical punishment structure: up to 10 years if no hurt is caused, and life imprisonment if hurt results.
IPC 364 (Kidnapping to Murder — life imprisonment) maps to BNS 141. IPC 370 (Human Trafficking — comprehensive 2013 provision) maps to BNS 143 with enhanced minimum sentences for trafficking of minors and multiple victims.
IPC 396 (Dacoity with Murder — death/life) maps to BNS 163. IPC 397 (Robbery/Dacoity with Deadly Weapon — mandatory 7 years minimum) maps to BNS 309. Both the death penalty for dacoity with murder and the mandatory minimum for armed robbery are fully preserved.
Kidnapping, Trafficking & Forced Labour
The punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder transitions from IPC 304 to BNS 105.
Property Offences — Aggravated Forms
Laws on unlawful assembly and rioting move to BNS 189 and 191 with consolidation and identical core principles.
Dacoity with Murder / Preparation and Assembly for Dacoity
N/A (Saving Clause)
House-Trespass / House-Breaking to Commit Robbery or Dacoity
IPC 325 is renumbered to BNS 117. The criteria for Grievous Hurt has been slightly updated for modern medical standards.
Lurking House-Trespass/House-Breaking to Commit Imprisonable Offence
The stringent laws against acid attacks have moved from IPC 326A to BNS 124, maintaining their severity.
Kidnapping/Abducting for Grievous Hurt, Slavery, or Unnatural Lust
Theft After Preparation for Causing Death, Hurt or Restraint
Child Abandonment
Child Abandonment
General Exception
IPC 378 + 379 (Theft) merge into BNS 303 with two historic changes: community service as an alternative for first-time petty thieves (property under ₹5,000), and a minimum 1-year sentence for repeat offenders — neither existed in the IPC.
BNS Section 111 is one of the most transformative new provisions in Indian criminal law — the first time "Organised Crime" appears in the general penal code, bringing gang-based criminal enterprise under a national framework previously handled only by state MCOCAs.
The iconic IPC Section 420 (Cheating) is renumbered to BNS Section 318. The law is substantively identical — dishonest inducement to deliver property remains the core — but the cultural shorthand "420" is now legally obsolete.
IPC 304A (max 2 years) is replaced by BNS 106 which triples the base sentence to 5 years and introduces a landmark hit-and-run clause: up to 10 years Non-Bailable for drivers who flee after causing a fatal accident.
IPC 376 (Punishment for Rape) is restructured as BNS 64, placed in Chapter V (Offences against Women & Children) — the earliest substantive chapter in the code — signalling the highest legislative priority. Mandatory trial by woman judge added.
For the first time in India's legislative history, "Terrorist Act" is defined and criminalised within the general penal code (BNS 113), not just special statutes like UAPA. This gives ordinary courts and police a clearer framework for terror-adjacent crimes.
IPC 304B (Dowry Death) is renumbered as BNS 80 with no substantive change — the 7-year marriage rule, the "soon before death" standard, and the statutory presumption of guilt remain fully intact.
IPC Section 109 (Punishment for Abetment) maps directly to BNS Section 48. The foundational principle — an abettor receives the same punishment as the principal offender — is fully preserved. A murder-for-hire paymaster faces the same death or life imprisonment as the killer.
BNS Section 69 creates a standalone offence for sexual intercourse obtained through deceit — including false promises of marriage, false identity, or other fraudulent inducements. Courts no longer need to stretch the rape definition (BNS 63) for these cases.
Contempt and Obstruction of Public Authority
IPC 498A is now BNS 85 (offence) + BNS 86 (definition of cruelty). The key upgrade: BNS 86 explicitly includes mental health within the scope of "grave injury," closing decades of inconsistent judicial interpretation about whether psychological harm alone constitutes cruelty.
Disobeying Dispersal Order
Joining/Continuing Assembly After Dispersal Order
Taking Gratification Under Pretence of Recovering Stolen Property
Modernising the penalties for dangerous and negligent driving — fine increased 10-fold from ₹1,000 to ₹10,000.
Comparing IPC 295A and the modernised BNS 299, now explicitly including electronic means and digital hate speech.
The restructuring and consolidation of public order offences from IPC (141-160) to BNS (189-204) with significant fine increases.
The redefinition and modernisation of public nuisance laws — fine increased from ₹200 to ₹5,000 with new repeat offender imprisonment.
The law of Mischief overhauled with a tiered punishment system based on the value of property damage. Modern thresholds replace the ₹50 IPC standard.
Every section indexed is matched against the latest 2024 Gazette datasets.
Instantly find the equivalent BNS provision for any IPC section.
Judicial commentary and simplified explanations with every result.