Murder
IPC Section 302 (Murder) transitions to BNS Section 103, which retains Death/Life imprisonment AND introduces India's first dedicated mob lynching clause under sub-section (2).
The re-numbering of religious insult laws — CRITICAL ALERT: BNS 302 is NOT murder. Murder moved to BNS 103. BNS 302 now handles verbal insults to individual religious feelings.
Outraging Religious Feelings / Disturbing Religious Assembly / Bribery at Elections / False Weights and Measures
Transition of Robbery laws to Section 309, maintaining the focus on violent theft.
Protection of private property through criminal trespass laws strengthened in BNS 329 with higher penalties — 3 months jail and ₹5,000 fine.
The law of Mischief overhauled with a tiered punishment system based on the value of property damage. Modern thresholds replace the ₹50 IPC standard.
Punishment for extortion has been significantly increased in the transition to BNS 308 — from 3 years to 7 years.
How the Sanhita handles intentional insults meant to provoke violence.
The newly nationalised offence of Snatching moves from state-specific IPC amendments to BNS Section 304, creating India's first uniform national snatching law.
IPC 325 is renumbered to BNS 117. The criteria for Grievous Hurt has been slightly updated for modern medical standards.
IPC 304B (Dowry Death) is renumbered as BNS 80 with no substantive change — the 7-year marriage rule, the "soon before death" standard, and the statutory presumption of guilt remain fully intact.
IPC 304A (max 2 years) is replaced by BNS 106 which triples the base sentence to 5 years and introduces a landmark hit-and-run clause: up to 10 years Non-Bailable for drivers who flee after causing a fatal accident.
The punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder transitions from IPC 304 to BNS 105.
The definition of Abduction by force or deceit has moved from IPC 362 to BNS 138.
The stringent laws against acid attacks have moved from IPC 326A to BNS 124, maintaining their severity.
The legal definition of Murder and its five exceptions have moved from IPC 300 to BNS 101.
The transition of food safety laws to BNS, featuring higher financial penalties for adulteration and sale of noxious food.
Protection of religious gatherings and the dignity of the dead from IPC to BNS.
The law for Simple Hurt moves from IPC 323 to BNS 115, with a significant increase in the potential fine.
IPC 378 + 379 (Theft) merge into BNS 303 with two historic changes: community service as an alternative for first-time petty thieves (property under ₹5,000), and a minimum 1-year sentence for repeat offenders — neither existed in the IPC.
IPC Section 307 (Attempt to Murder) maps directly to BNS Section 109 with identical punishment structure: up to 10 years if no hurt is caused, and life imprisonment if hurt results.
IPC Section 306 (Abetment of Suicide) maps directly to BNS Section 108 with the same punishment of up to 10 years RI + fine. Section 309 (attempt to suicide) is effectively decriminalised — BNS has no equivalent.
IPC 396 (Dacoity with Murder — death/life) maps to BNS 163. IPC 397 (Robbery/Dacoity with Deadly Weapon — mandatory 7 years minimum) maps to BNS 309. Both the death penalty for dacoity with murder and the mandatory minimum for armed robbery are fully preserved.
Aiding Escape, Rescuing or Harbouring Prisoner of State or War
Murder (Definition)
Culpable Homicide (Punishment)
Abetment of Suicide
Attempt to Murder
Causing Miscarriage (Illegal Abortion)
Grievous Hurt (Definition — 8 categories)
Voluntarily Causing Hurt
Voluntarily Causing Grievous Hurt
Abduction (Definition)
Robbery (Punishment)
Negligent Homicide
Dowry Death
Acid Attack
Offences Against Public Justice — Diverse
Homicide Extended Provisions
Hurt — Complete Provisions
Property Offences — Aggravated Forms
Abetment of Suicide / Attempt to Commit Suicide
Wearing Garb or Carrying Token Used by Public Servant
Theft
Snatching
Theft in Building, Tent or Vessel
Theft by Clerk or Servant of Property in Master's Possession
Theft After Preparation for Causing Death, Hurt or Restraint
Extortion
Robbery when Offender Uses Deadly Weapon or Causes Grievous Hurt
Fraudulent Execution of Deed of Transfer with False Consideration
Fraudulent Removal or Concealment of Property to Cheat Creditors
Dishonestly Preventing Debt Being Available for Creditors
Fraudulent Removal of Property After Decree
Using a Forged Document as Genuine
Criminal Trespass
House-Trespass (Definition)
House-Breaking (day/night)
Enhanced Punishment for Repeat Offenders
Fabricating Evidence / Using False Evidence / False Declaration
Counterfeiting Seals / Devices / Property Marks / Trade Marks
Escape from Confinement / Rescue of Prisoner / Violation of Condition of Remission
The transition of legal protections for the unborn and minors from IPC (312-318) to BNS (Sections 88-94).
BNS Section 111 is one of the most transformative new provisions in Indian criminal law — the first time "Organised Crime" appears in the general penal code, bringing gang-based criminal enterprise under a national framework previously handled only by state MCOCAs.
BNS Section 69 creates a standalone offence for sexual intercourse obtained through deceit — including false promises of marriage, false identity, or other fraudulent inducements. Courts no longer need to stretch the rape definition (BNS 63) for these cases.
For the first time in India's legislative history, "Terrorist Act" is defined and criminalised within the general penal code (BNS 113), not just special statutes like UAPA. This gives ordinary courts and police a clearer framework for terror-adjacent crimes.
The landmark introduction of a specific law against sexual intercourse obtained through false promises of marriage or deceitful identity.
The definition of Culpable Homicide has been carried over from IPC 299 to BNS 100 with procedural renumbering.
Criminal Breach of Trust (CBT) renumbered from IPC 406 to BNS 316, with identical legal elements.
The transition of laws protecting a woman's modesty from IPC 354 to BNS 74, with identical penalties maintained.
The colonial Sedition law (IPC 124A) is replaced by BNS 152 which focuses on secession, armed rebellion, and subversive activities — protecting the Nation rather than the Government.
Laws relating to the negligent or malignant spread of dangerous diseases — critical for pandemic enforcement.
The transition of obscenity laws from IPC to the new Sanhita with updated fines.
Comparing IPC 295A and the modernised BNS 299, now explicitly including electronic means and digital hate speech.
Modernising the penalties for dangerous and negligent driving — fine increased 10-fold from ₹1,000 to ₹10,000.
The definition and punishment for kidnapping have transitioned to BNS 137 and 140 respectively.
The legal provisions for dishonest misappropriation of property have moved from IPC 403 to BNS 314.
The transition of gang-robbery (Dacoity) laws from Section 395 to Section 310.
Laws on unlawful assembly and rioting move to BNS 189 and 191 with consolidation and identical core principles.
One of the most powerful legal tools against mob violence remains intact in BNS 190.
The most serious offence against the state has transitioned from IPC 121/121A to BNS 147/148, maintaining its stringent penalties.
The legal framework for protecting communal harmony and national integration has moved to BNS 196 and 197.
Public brawling laws updated with a much higher financial deterrent in BNS 204. Fine increased 50-fold from ₹100 to ₹5,000.
Serious house-trespass involving preparation for violence has moved from IPC 452 to BNS 333.
BNS Section 4 introduces Community Service as India's sixth formal punishment — a historic first in the general penal code, shifting philosophy from purely retributive to partially reformative.
The core legal right to defend body and property remains unchanged in the transition to BNS 34-44, preserving decades of judicial precedent.
The transition of foundational legal excuses — Mistake of Fact, Accident, and Necessity — from IPC 76-81 to BNS 14-19, preserving the Mens Rea principle.
The renumbering of legal protections for those lacking criminal capacity — children, the insane, and the involuntarily intoxicated.
Consolidation of specific offences against women from IPC 354A-D into the BNS 75-78 framework.
The consolidation of bigamy (IPC 494) and bigamy with concealment (IPC 495) into a single BNS 82 with tiered penalties.
The transition of laws against enticing married women from IPC 498 to BNS 84.
The restructuring and consolidation of public order offences from IPC (141-160) to BNS (189-204) with significant fine increases.
The re-enactment of communal harmony and national integration laws as BNS Sections 196 and 197.
The transition of Waging War and related high-security offences from the IPC (121-125) to the BNS (147-151).
The restructuring of perjury laws to consolidate definitions and maintain strict penalties for lying in court.
The continuation of laws against tampering with a crime scene or hiding evidence to protect offenders.
The legal shield against fake FIRs and false criminal charges remains strong in BNS 248.
The transition of laws penalising those who give shelter or aid to fugitives from IPC 212 to BNS 249.
The legal framework for punishing escapes and the rescue of prisoners from IPC (224-225) to BNS (262-263).
The redefinition and modernisation of public nuisance laws — fine increased from ₹200 to ₹5,000 with new repeat offender imprisonment.
The legal transition of laws protecting the physical sanctity of religious sites from IPC 295 to BNS 298.
Major updates to defamation law — Community Service added as a new punishment option, and the 10 IPC exceptions fully preserved.
The transition of laws against threats and coercion from IPC to BNS Section 351, unified and preserved.
The redefinition and renumbering of laws against verbal and gestural harassment of women — punishment enhanced from 1 year to 3 years.
The legal framework against fake news, communal rumours, and public alarm transitions to BNS 353.
The definition of legal participation and assistance in a crime transitions from IPC 107 to BNS 45.
The renumbering and reorganisation of laws against criminal agreements in the BNS.
The renumbering of the general catch-all for criminal attempts from the last section of IPC (511) to early in BNS (62).
The transition of laws protecting women from deceitful marriages from IPC 493 to BNS 81.
Comparing the laws against performing mock or fraudulent marriage ceremonies in IPC and BNS.
The landmark removal of Adultery as a criminal offence in India, following the Supreme Court's Joseph Shine judgment (2018). The BNS has no equivalent to IPC 497.
IPC 498A transitions into BNS 85 (offence) and BNS 86 (definition of cruelty), with mental health explicitly added to the definition.
The legal framework for ensuring the privacy and dignity of sexual offence survivors in the digital age.
How the law punishes insults and interruptions in the courtroom, featuring updated financial penalties.
IPC Section 377 (Unnatural Offences) was read down by the Supreme Court in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018). Consensual adult same-sex relations are now decriminalised. The BNS has no equivalent provision for consensual adult homosexual acts.
IPC Section 109 (Punishment for Abetment) maps directly to BNS Section 48. The foundational principle — an abettor receives the same punishment as the principal offender — is fully preserved. A murder-for-hire paymaster faces the same death or life imprisonment as the killer.
IPC Sections 489A–E (counterfeiting currency notes and bank notes — life imprisonment) map to BNS Section 178's comprehensive document/currency forgery framework. Life imprisonment for counterfeiting legal tender is fully preserved.
The iconic IPC Section 420 (Cheating) is renumbered to BNS Section 318. The law is substantively identical — dishonest inducement to deliver property remains the core — but the cultural shorthand "420" is now legally obsolete.
IPC 498A is now BNS 85 (offence) + BNS 86 (definition of cruelty). The key upgrade: BNS 86 explicitly includes mental health within the scope of "grave injury," closing decades of inconsistent judicial interpretation about whether psychological harm alone constitutes cruelty.
IPC Section 375 (Rape Definition, as amended 2013) maps to BNS Section 63. The expanded post-Nirbhaya definition covering penetration of any orifice, object insertion, and oral sex is fully preserved. The controversial marital rape exception for wives above 18 is retained in BNS 63.
IPC 448 (House-Trespass — 1 year) maps to BNS 331. IPC 463 (Forgery definition) and IPC 467 (Forgery of Valuable Security — life imprisonment) both map within BNS 178's comprehensive forgery framework. Life imprisonment for will/security forgery is preserved.
IPC 376 (Punishment for Rape) is restructured as BNS 64, placed in Chapter V (Offences against Women & Children) — the earliest substantive chapter in the code — signalling the highest legislative priority. Mandatory trial by woman judge added.
IPC Sections 360 (Kidnapping from India) and 361 (Kidnapping from Lawful Guardianship) map directly to BNS Sections 87 and 88. The critical rule that the MINOR'S OWN CONSENT IS IRRELEVANT — what matters is the guardian's consent — is fully preserved.
IPC 364 (Kidnapping to Murder — life imprisonment) maps to BNS 141. IPC 370 (Human Trafficking — comprehensive 2013 provision) maps to BNS 143 with enhanced minimum sentences for trafficking of minors and multiple victims.
Every section indexed is matched against the latest 2024 Gazette datasets.
Instantly find the equivalent BNS provision for any IPC section.
Judicial commentary and simplified explanations with every result.