Perjury
The offence of knowingly making a false statement on oath in a judicial proceeding.
Full Definition
Perjury is deliberately giving false evidence under oath before a judicial authority. It is a serious offence because it corrupts the machinery of justice. Elements: the statement must be false, made under oath, and the maker must know it is false. A witness who makes inconsistent statements (even if one is true) does not commit perjury unless they deliberately lie. Perjury is often not pursued vigorously in India, contributing to false witness culture.
In Indian Law
IPC Section 191 (BNS Section 229) defines giving false evidence. Section 193 IPC (BNS Section 231) punishes perjury with up to 7 years imprisonment and fine. Section 340 CrPC (Section 379 BNSS) prescribes the procedure for courts to prosecute for perjury � the court must hold a preliminary inquiry before filing a complaint. Perjury rates in Indian courts are very low due to procedural reluctance of courts.