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PMFBY

Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana

PMFBY (Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana) replaced the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) in 2016 to provide comprehensive, technology-driven crop insurance to Indian farmers. It covers pre-sowing to post-harvest losses across Kharif, Rabi, and commercial/horticultural crops.

**How the Premium Works:**

The genius of PMFBY is the premium subsidy structure. A farmer growing paddy with a Sum Insured of ₹50,000 pays just ₹1,000 (2% of ₹50,000). The remaining premium — which could be ₹5,000–₹10,000 — is shared equally between the Centre and the State government. This makes it among the world's most farmer-friendly crop insurance schemes by premium rate.

**What is Covered:**

- Standing crop losses due to non-preventable natural risks: drought, dry spells, flood, inundation, widespread pest and disease attack, landslide, natural fire, lightning, cyclone, typhoon, hailstorm, hurricane

- Post-harvest losses: crops left to dry in the field (cut and spread) are covered for up to 14 days after harvest, for hailstorm, cyclone, unseasonal rains

- Localised calamities: hailstorm, landslide, inundation covering isolated farms within a village — compensated on individual farm basis (not village average)

- Prevented sowing/planting: if widespread calamity prevents sowing, up to 25% of sum insured is paid

**Technology-Driven Assessment:**

The 2020 reforms mandated use of satellite imagery, remote sensing, drone surveys, and Crop Cutting Experiments (CCEs) to assess yield losses — reducing disputes and speeding up claims. The yield data triggers automatic payouts when the actual yield falls below the Threshold Yield (3-year or 7-year average).

**2020 Reform — Voluntary for All:**

Since 2020, PMFBY is completely voluntary for all farmers including those with KCC loans. Earlier, loanee farmers were auto-enrolled. Banks cannot force-enrol KCC holders — they must give explicit written consent.

**States That Opted Out:**

Several states have opted out of PMFBY and run their own schemes: Andhra Pradesh (Rythu Bharosa), Telangana, Gujarat, Bihar, West Bengal (Bangla Shasya Bima), Jharkhand. Farmers in these states must check their state's crop insurance scheme.

**How to Claim:**

Farmers must report crop loss within 72 hours of damage — through the PMFBY app, the portal (pmfby.gov.in), by calling the insurance company, or by informing the bank or agriculture department. Late reporting significantly weakens claim eligibility.

Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
Launched 2016
5.5 crore farmers per season; ₹1.55 lakh crore claims paid cumulatively
₹13,625 crore Centre share (2024–25); total scheme outgo ~₹26,000 crore

Key Objectives

  • Provide financial support to farmers suffering crop loss from unpredictable natural events.
  • Stabilise farmer income to ensure continuance in farming after major losses.
  • Encourage use of innovative agricultural practices by reducing income risk.
  • Ensure credit flow to agriculture through reduced lender risk.

Benefits

INSURANCE
Comprehensive crop loss compensation from pre-sowing to post-harvest
Per season, triggered by yield shortfall or specific loss events
Based on Sum Insured (Scale of Finance) — varies by crop and district
SUBSIDY
Government subsidises 85%–98.5% of actual premium — farmer pays only 1.5%–5%
Remaining premium paid equally by Centre and State

Eligibility

Who Qualifies
  • All farmers — loanee (KCC/crop loan holders) and non-loanee
  • Owner farmers, tenant farmers, oral lessees, and sharecroppers
  • Growing notified crops in notified areas for that season
Other Conditions
  • Must enrol before the cut-off date for the season (typically 2 weeks before sowing completion)
  • Sharecroppers must have documented evidence of cultivation (lease agreement or affidavit)
  • Must have Aadhaar-linked bank account for claim settlement
  • Voluntary for all farmers since 2020 — consent required
Exclusions (Who Cannot Apply)
  • Farmers in states that have opted out of PMFBY (AP, Telangana, WB, Bihar, Gujarat — check state scheme)
  • Crops not on the notified list for that district/season
  • Losses due to war, nuclear risk, or willful negligence

How to Apply

1

Step 1: Check if your crop is notified under PMFBY for your district and season on pmfby.gov.in

2

Step 2: Note the enrolment cut-off date — enrol BEFORE this date

3

Step 3: Visit nearest bank branch, Common Service Centre (CSC), or go to pmfby.gov.in

4

Step 4: Fill crop insurance proposal form — land details, crop, area sown, Sum Insured

5

Step 5: Pay farmer's share of premium (1.5%–5% of Sum Insured)

6

Step 6: Receive insurance policy/certificate of insurance with unique policy number

7

Step 7 (if crop loss occurs): Report within 72 hours via Crop Insurance App, pmfby.gov.in, or helpline 14447

8

Step 8: Insurance company / state agriculture dept conducts loss assessment

9

Step 9: Claim amount credited to Aadhaar-linked bank account

Processing Time: Claims settled within 2 months of harvest/loss assessment completion

Required Documents

Aadhaar Card
Land records (Khasra/Khatauni/7-12 extract)
For owner farmers
Crop loan account number (for KCC holders)
Optional
Sowing certificate from Patwari (for non-loanee)
Confirms crop sown and area
Tenancy/lease agreement (for tenant farmers)
Or affidavit of cultivation
Optional
Bank account passbook (Aadhaar-linked)

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I check my PMFBY policy status and claim status?

Visit pmfby.gov.in → Beneficiary Status / Application Status → Enter your Aadhaar number or Application number. You can see your policy details, sum insured, premium paid, and claim status. Also check your bank passbook for any direct credit of claim amount.

My crop was damaged but I missed the 72-hour reporting window. Can I still claim?

Missing the 72-hour window significantly weakens your claim but does not automatically disqualify you. Report immediately — explain the reason for delay (illness, remote area, no connectivity). The District Level Monitoring Committee has discretion to accept late reports. Document the damage with photographs and timestamps.

Is PMFBY compulsory for KCC (Kisan Credit Card) loan holders?

No. Since the 2020 reform, PMFBY is completely voluntary for all farmers including KCC loan holders. Your bank cannot auto-deduct PMFBY premium from your KCC account without your explicit written consent. If you find a deduction without consent, raise a grievance at pmfby.gov.in.

What is the premium for paddy (rice) crop under PMFBY?

The farmer's premium for Kharif crops (including paddy) is capped at 2% of the Sum Insured. The Sum Insured is set by the state based on Scale of Finance — typically ₹40,000–₹80,000 per hectare for paddy. So a farmer with 1 hectare of paddy pays ₹800–₹1,600 in premium, regardless of the actual actuarial premium charged to the government.

Which states have opted out of PMFBY? What do farmers there do?

States that have opted out: Andhra Pradesh (runs YSR Free Crop Insurance), Telangana, Gujarat (Mukhyamantri Kisan Sahay Yojana — free), West Bengal (Bangla Shasya Bima — free), Bihar, Jharkhand. Farmers in these states should contact their state agriculture department or block agriculture office for their state scheme.

What is the Threshold Yield and how does it determine my claim?

Threshold Yield is the average yield of the last 3 or 7 years for that crop in your taluka/block. If the actual yield this season (measured by Crop Cutting Experiments) falls below the Threshold Yield, all insured farmers in that area receive proportional compensation. Example: Threshold Yield is 2,000 kg/hectare. This season's actual yield is 1,200 kg/hectare (40% shortfall). All insured farmers in that area receive 40% of their Sum Insured.

Does PMFBY cover damage from hailstorm or untimely rains after harvest?

Yes. Post-harvest losses are covered for crops left to dry in the field (cut-and-spread stage) for up to 14 days after harvest — but only for hailstorm, cyclone, and unseasonal rains. Additionally, localised hailstorm damage (even if other farms nearby were unaffected) is assessed on an individual farm basis — you don't need the whole village to have been hit.

How long does it take to receive the PMFBY claim amount?

Claims must be settled within 2 months of the final Crop Cutting Experiment (CCE) data for yield-based claims, or within 30 days for post-harvest and localized calamity claims. Delays beyond this timeline entitle the farmer to 12% per annum interest on the pending claim amount.

My PMFBY claim was rejected. What is the grievance process?

Step 1: File a grievance on pmfby.gov.in → Grievance Portal with your policy number and reason. Step 2: If unresolved in 15 days, escalate to the District Level Monitoring Committee (DLMC) through your block agriculture office. Step 3: Further escalation to State Level Grievance Committee. Insurance Ombudsman can also be approached for disputes above ₹30 lakh.

Can a tenant farmer or sharecropper take PMFBY coverage?

Yes — tenant farmers and sharecroppers are explicitly covered under PMFBY. They need a tenancy agreement or lease document, OR an affidavit of cultivation signed by them and the landowner, OR a declaration before the Gram Panchayat. This is accepted as proof of cultivation for PMFBY enrolment.

What happens to my PMFBY premium if I didn't have a crop loss this season?

The premium is non-refundable — it pays for the insurance cover whether or not a claim arises. This is standard insurance — you pay for protection, not as savings. The government subsidises 85%–98.5% of the actual premium, so the net cost to you is very low.

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Quick Info

Mode
BOTH
Helpline
14447
Budget
₹13,625 crore Centre share (2024–25); total scheme outgo ~₹26,000 crore
Beneficiaries
5.5 crore farmers per season; ₹1.55 lakh crore claims paid cumulatively
Last Updated
2025-11-13