Section 75

Section 75 gives the IT Act extra-territorial reach — one of the most important jurisdictional provisions in Indian cyber law. The connecting factor is not the nationality of the offender or victim but the location of the computer resource: if the offence involves a computer, computer system, or computer network physically or logically located in India, Indian law applies regardless of where the offender is sitting. This means: a hacker in Eastern Europe who compromises a Mumbai-based server commits an offence under the IT Act; a fraudster in the UAE who accesses the accounts of Indian bank customers through Indian banking infrastructure is subject to Indian jurisdiction; and a foreign national who sends malware targeting Indian e-governance systems faces Indian prosecution. The provision connects closely with Section 1(2), which also asserts extra-territorial application, and together they establish a robust jurisdictional claim for Indian courts. The practical challenge is enforcement — India does not have an extradition treaty with all countries, and mutual legal assistance treaties (MLATs) can be slow. However, the jurisdictional claim is important for: freezing assets, issuing red notices through INTERPOL, blocking services under Section 69A, and prosecuting offenders who visit India. The provision uses an effects-based jurisdictional theory — jurisdiction follows the location of the targeted infrastructure, not the actor.