Territorial Jurisdiction
The geographic area within which a court has authority to hear and decide cases.
Full Definition
Territorial jurisdiction defines the geographic limits within which a court's authority operates. A court can only exercise jurisdiction over persons and matters within its territory. In criminal cases, the court having jurisdiction is the one where the offence was committed, the accused was found, or (for certain offences) where consequences were suffered. In civil cases, the court where the defendant resides or the cause of action arose.
In Indian Law
Section 177-188 CrPC (Sections 201-209 BNSS) govern venue in criminal cases. For cybercrimes, the court where the victim resides can also have jurisdiction (Section 178A CrPC). In civil matters, Sections 15-20 CPC determine territorial jurisdiction.