Reasonable Restriction
A limitation on fundamental rights that is proportionate, necessary, and based on legitimate grounds specified in the Constitution.
Full Definition
Fundamental rights under Article 19 (freedom of speech, movement, profession, etc.) are not absolute � they can be restricted by the state on grounds specified in Articles 19(2)-(6): sovereignty and integrity of India, security of state, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, contempt of court, defamation, incitement to an offence. The restriction must be 'reasonable' � proportionate and not excessive.
In Indian Law
The Supreme Court in Chintaman Rao v. State of MP (1950) held a restriction is reasonable if it strikes a proper balance between the right and the restriction's object. In Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015), Section 66A IT Act was struck down as an unreasonable restriction on free speech. Modern courts apply a proportionality test: legitimate aim, rational nexus, necessity, and fair balance.
Landmark Cases
Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015) � Section 66A as unreasonable restriction