Computer
Any electronic, magnetic, optical or high-speed data processing device that performs logical, arithmetic, and memory functions — defined broadly to include smartphones, servers, and IoT devices.
Full Definition
Under the IT Act 2000, 'computer' is defined in Section 2(i) as any electronic, magnetic, optical, or other high-speed data processing device or system which performs logical, arithmetic, and memory functions by manipulations of electronic, magnetic, or optical impulses. The definition is deliberately technology-neutral and encompasses mainframes, desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, ATMs, servers, and even embedded processors in industrial systems. This broad definition ensures the IT Act's offence provisions — particularly those under Sections 43 and 66 — apply across the full spectrum of computing devices without requiring amendment as technology evolves.
In Indian Law
IT Act Section 2(i). The broad definition means hacking an ATM (State Bank of India ATM skimming cases), attacking a power grid's SCADA system, or compromising a hospital's medical devices all fall within the IT Act's scope. Section 43 penalises unauthorised access, damage, or disruption to 'computer, computer system or computer network' — each of these terms incorporates the Section 2 definitions. Courts have consistently applied this expansively.
Related Legal Sections
Landmark Cases
State of Tamil Nadu v. Suhas Katti (2004) — First IT Act conviction; established computer and electronic record definitions in practice
Frequently Asked Questions
Is a smartphone a 'computer' under the IT Act?
Yes. Section 2(i)'s definition is technology-neutral and broad enough to cover all modern computing devices including smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and IoT devices.