Circumstantial Evidence
Indirect evidence that allows an inference to be drawn about the main fact from surrounding circumstances.
Full Definition
Circumstantial evidence proves a fact from which the main fact can be logically inferred. The chain test: every link must be proved; the chain must be complete; circumstances must be incompatible with innocence.
In Indian Law
The Supreme Court in Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra (1984) laid down the Panchsheel test: (1) circumstances firmly established; (2) point only to guilt; (3) conclusive; (4) exclude innocent hypothesis; (5) complete chain.
Landmark Cases
Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra (1984) � Panchsheel test for circumstantial evidence
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a person be convicted solely on circumstantial evidence?
Yes � but the Panchsheel test must be satisfied: the chain must be complete and exclude any hypothesis of innocence.