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BSA 2023ACTIVE FRAMEWORK
Section 22
Confession Caused by Inducement, Threat or Promise
THE STATUTE
Original Text
A confession made by an accused person is irrelevant in a criminal proceeding, if the making of the confession appears to the Court to have been caused by any inducement, threat or promise, having reference to the charge against the accused person, proceeding from a person in authority, and sufficient, in the opinion of the Court, to give the accused person reasonable grounds for supposing that by making it he would gain any advantage or avoid any evil of a temporal nature in reference to the proceedings against him.
Legal Commentary
BSA Section 22 is textually identical to IEA Section 24. The voluntariness doctrine for confessions is unchanged in the BSA — this was a deliberate preservation. The three-condition test (inducement/threat/promise + person in authority + reasonable grounds) applies identically.
All case law on IEA Section 24 — including the Pyare Lal Bhargava objective test, the Singhara Singh approver promise ruling, and the Section 27 discovery exception — applies directly under BSA Section 22.
Questions & Answers
Yes — BSA Section 22 is identical to IEA Section 24. The three-condition test (inducement/threat/promise from person in authority + reasonable grounds for temporal advantage) is unchanged. All case law applies.